Climate change induces a devastating effect on agricultural production in Somalia, leading to crop yields to decline.
including sorghum. To this end, this study aims to ascertain the long-term and casual impacts of climate change –
rainfall and temperature – on sorghum production in Somalia for the 1980–2017 period while accounting for the
role of political instability, land under sorghum production, and agricultural labor. The empirical result demonstrates that average temperature, political instability, and agricultural labor significantly hamper sorghum
production in Somalia in the long run, whereas average rainfall – albeit insignificantly – and area under sorghum
production enhance sorghum production in the long run. In contrast, a unidirectional causality is established
from political instability to sorghum production. Based on empirical results, the study recommends to policymakers enact policies aimed at eliminating conflicts to create a stable environment and establishing a crop
diversification plan in land under cultivation that would eliminate volatility caused by climatic and biological
variations and accelerate the shift from low-productivity to a high-productivity economy
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